Basic .Net Framework Questions and answer

1. What is an Intermediate Language (IL)?
Microsoft Intemediate Language.All .Net Source code is compiled to IL.
IL is then converted to machine code at the point where software is installed.

2. What is a Common Language Runtime (CLR)?
Common Language Runtime (CLR) manages the execution of code and provides different services like Garbage collection and support for Base Class Libraries etc.

The main constituents of CLR are described below
The common Language Runtime (CLR) a rich set of features for cross-language development and deployment. CLR supports both Object Oriented Languages as well as procedural languages. CLR provides security garbage collection cross language exception handling cross language inheritance and so on.

3. What is Common Type System (CTS)?
The Common Type System support both Object Oriented Programming languages as well as procedural languages. Basically CTS provides rich type system that is intended to support wide range of languages.

4. What is a Common Language Specification (CLS)?
CLS (Common Language Specification) defines a subset of Common Type System which all language compilers targeting CLR must adhere to. CLS is a subset of CTS.

5. What is Global Assembly Cache?
The Global Assembly Cache or the popular acronym GAC refers to the machine-wide code cache in any of the computers that have been installed with common language runtime. The GAC or the Global Assembly Cache in .NET Framework acts as the central place for registering assemblies.

6. What is a Garbage collection?
The .NET Framework's garbage collector manages the allocation and release of memory for your application. Each time you use the newoperator to create an object, the runtime allocates memory for the object from the managed heap.

As long as address space is available in the managed heap, the runtime continues to allocate space for new objects. However, memory is not infinite. Eventually the garbage collector must perform a collection in order to free some memory. The garbage collector's optimizing engine determines the best time to perform a collection, based upon the allocations being made.

When the garbage collector performs a collection, it checks for objects in the managed heap that are no longer being used by the application and performs the necessary operations to reclaim their memory.

7. What is Reflection?
Reflection is a collection of classes which allow you to query assembly (classes/objects) metadata at runtime.

8. What is Assembly?
Assemblies are the building blocks of .NET Framework applications; they form the fundamental unit of deployment, version control, reuse, activation scoping, and security permissions. An assembly is a collection of types and resources that are built to work together and form a logical unit of functionality. An assembly provides the common language runtime with the information it needs to be aware of type implementations. To the runtime, a type does not exist outside the context of an assembly.

Three types of assembly

Public Assembly
Private Assembly
Satelite Assembly

9. What is NameSpace?
Namespaces are a way of grouping type names and reducing the chance of name collisions. A namespace can contain both other namespaces and types. The full name of a type includes the combination of namespaces that contain that type.

10. What is Delay signing?

11. What is Manifeast?
An assembly manifest is a text file containing metadata about .NET assemblies. It describes the relationship and dependencies of the components in the assembly, versioning information, scope information and the security permissions required by the assembly.

12. What is Concept of Boxing and UnBoxing?
C# provides us with Value types and Reference Types. Value Types are stored on the stack and Reference types are stored on the heap. The conversion of value type to reference type is known as boxing and converting reference type back to the value type is known as unboxing.

13. What is Managed code?
1. Code that is executed by the CLR. Managed code provides information (i.e., metadata) to allow the CLR to locate methods encoded in assembly modules, store

and retrieve security information, handle exceptions, and walk the program stack. Managed code can access both managed data and unmanaged data. Managed data

—Memory that is allocated and released by the CLR using Garbage Collection. Managed data can only be accessed by managed code2.Code that targets the common

language runtime, the foundation of the .NET Framework, is known as managed code; code that does not target the common language runtime is known as unmanaged

code. You can think of the runtime as an agent that manages code at execution time, providing core services such as memory management, thread management, and

remoting, while also enforcing strict type safety in the code. The concept of code management is a fundamental principle of the runtime. 3.Managed code

supplies the metadata necessary for the CLR to provide services such as memory management, cross-language integration, code access security, and automatic

lifetime control of objects. All code based on IL executes as managed code. 4.Code that executes under the CLI execution environment. Managed code uses the

execution environment for memory management, object lifetime, and the basic type-system, among other fundamental services.
14. What is a strong names?

15. What are Values types and Reference types?